我的完成式筆記

簡述：完成式就是 Up to now，到目前為止，與現在有關的動作或狀態。
詳述用法：

1. 經驗
2. 已完成的動作
3. How long，過去到現在持續的動作或狀態

經驗

說明：沒有特別提到時間，句尾加了次數的完成式句子，通常就是指經驗。

I have met him once [twice].
我見過他一[兩]次。

He has visited me several times.
他訪問過我幾次。

Jason has gone to New Zealand.

He has been to Rain's concert.

How many times have you gone to Wu Lai?

Have you ever been kissed by a dog?

She has never been on a date.

A:Have you been to Japan?
B:Yes, I have often been to Japan.
B:I have been there many times.

題外話：我的外語老師說 I have been to Japan. 跟 I have gone to Japan. 是一樣的東西。暫且相信他，雖然國中英語老師說不一樣。可參考此。

搭配的副詞:

頻率副詞，如：often、always、never、ever。或者直接表明次數，如：once、twice、~times。時間副詞用於表經驗的完成式的話，可用 before。

已完成的動作

說明：生活日常的小動作，比如吃飯，用以表示到目前為止動作的完成，我們不會說吃飯為經驗而是已完成的動作，通常會與 already、yet 搭配。

I have finished my work.

我已完成我的工作了。

Mr. White has already left the office.

懷特先生已離開辦公室。

Mr. White has just left, but he will be back at three o'clock.

I haven't seen the movie yet.

搭配的時間副詞:

一些包含現在但還未結束的時間，適合來搭配表已完成動作的完成式。

Today、Lately、Recently、Now、This morning\afternoon\evening\day\week\month\year。

Have you read the newspaper today?

你今天讀了這份報紙了嗎?

What have you been doing lately?

最近還好嗎？

I have not worked hard this week.

We have had very little rain this year.

Has Kevin taken a shower today?

持續

說明：通常完成式中出現一段時間，十之七八就是表示從過去到現在持續的動作。

I have lived here for ten years.

我住在已經十年了 (現在仍住在這)

John has known him since ten years ago.

約翰十年前就認識他了

It has been five years since I join the company.

進這家公司已經五年了

He has been absent for many days.

How long has Kevin known Jason?

He has not played with Mary in a week.

搭配的時間副詞子句:

常與 for 和 since 搭配的時間副詞子句，來表示過去持續到現在的動作或狀態。